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AUDIO VERSION By Peter Quaiattini During my recent holiday travel between Calgary and Toronto on Air Canada, I had an experience I didn’t expect. As a totally blind traveller, I discovered that the in-flight, seat-back entertainment system was accessible. That alone made this trip stand out. How did I learn about this? Before the flight, I stumbled across a note in the Air Canada app on my smartphone. It mentioned upcoming features tied to my trip, with a brief reference to “accessible entertainment.” This caught my attention . Once on board, after receiving my personalized safety briefing, I decided to ask. I mentioned the accessible entertainment note to a flight attendant and asked if they knew anything about it. They stepped away, checked, and returned with good news: the accessible feature had been enabled on my seat’s system. I was offered a headset as well, which I declined since I prefer using my own headphones. When I plugged in my headphones, to my surprise, a welcome message played automatically and explained how to use the screen through touch and gestures. Each corner of the screen had a specific function, such as help, information, and moving up one level. I can’t recall the fourth corner, but the layout was logical and easy to learn. Touching my finger to the middle of the screen and holding does things like select, start and stop. Swiping left and right moves through choices and, while content is playing, enables rewind and fast-forward. The content available to me didn’t appear to be identical to what my sighted travel companion could access, though I can’t say how large the difference was. On the outbound flight, I browsed the options independently and chose a movie. Even better, I was able to turn on audio description and enjoy the film from start to finish. Very cool! On the return flight, I explored further. I moved through categories without assistance and selected an audiobook. Audio description wasn’t needed in that case, but the player controls were fully accessible and worked as expected. Overall, I came away impressed. Being able to choose content, control playback, and enjoy a movie with audio description made a real difference to my travel experience. It was smooth, intuitive, and respectful of my independence. My only lingering question is about scope. I’m not sure how broad the accessible content library is compared to what sighted passengers can access. I suppose you could argue both sides. It’s possible that once the accessibility feature is enabled, the system only presents content that includes described audio. If described audio isn’t needed, there may be an assumption that a traveller is at least partially sighted and therefore doesn’t require the accessible mode at all. I’m only guessing. Still, this was a strong step in the right direction and a genuinely positive experience. Credit where it’s due—this made flying more enjoyable.

AUDIO VERSION By Jeffrey Stark If you're blind and considering smart glasses, you've likely heard the promises and some of the buzz around the glasses. I’ve had the opportunity to use these glasses and a number of previous similar tools (e.g. Envision glasses, OrCam, etc).  After spending a year and a half using both the Ray-Ban Meta glasses and more recently switching to the Meta Oakley Vanguard, I want to share what these devices actually do and where they fall short. The Meta glasses generally run the same platform and have the same features whether you are looking at the Meta Ray-Bans or the Meta Vanguards. There are several versions of each, but I'll be talking specifically about the ones I’ve owned and used extensively. Ray-Ban Gen 1 vs Gen 2 The original Ray-Ban Meta had significant battery limitations. You would get approximately two to three hours of continuous use before needing to charge. The Gen2 version addresses this with eight-plus hours of battery life, making all-day use feasible. The design does have a potential negative consideration: light enters from the sides of the lenses, creating reflections that some users find distracting or headache-inducing. The impact varies by person, but it's worth noting if you're sensitive to light reflections or ambient light. The Ray-Ban has one programmable button. The single control button can be used to launch a custom feature or function. This single control option limits customization without accessing your phone's interface or verbalising a command with the glasses. Oakley Vanguard Oakley’s Vanguard uses a visor-style design rather than traditional eyeglass frames. This design keeps light from entering the sides. It also has the camera in the middle rather than the sides of the glasses. Battery performance is solid: like the Ray-Bans Gen2 with eight-plus hours with an additional 36 hours available through the charging case. This means you can maintain extended use throughout a day without searching for a power outlet. The centered camera position on the Vanguards makes a measurable difference when trying to focus on specific objects. It eliminates the fighting-with-angles problem you encounter with the Ray-Bans which have an off-center lens. You get two programmable buttons on the Vanguard. This matters because you can assign one button to launch functions like Live AI mode without navigating menus or verbalising a command which is a practical advantage for quick access. The Vanguard is built with better weather and water resistance than the Ray-Bans. If you spend time outside in varying weather conditions, this durability translates to longer device lifespan and a better outdoor experience. What the AI Actually Does (and Doesn't Do) All the various units use the same AI engine from Meta.  After a year and a half of use, my experience is that the AI capabilities are solid at specific tasks and limited elsewhere. The AI provides accurate descriptions of scenes and environments. Walking into a room and asking "what's in here" returns useful spatial information. I've used it to locate an empty seat in a room when arriving at an unfamiliar space. This is practical, everyday use that actually helps. The AI cannot read car license plates or extract text from medical labels--refusing to do so because it might give the impression of violating your privacy or the privacy of others. It struggles with extended text passages. If you need to read a document or multi-paragraph information, these glasses aren't the tool for that task. Live mode has significant limitations with moving subjects. I attempted to use it during a Christmas parade to describe floats as they passed. The AI would lock onto a float and fail to update when I asked it to look again, even as new floats moved into view. My sighted daughter confirmed the glasses were stuck on outdated information rather than capturing current items. I ran into this same scenario a number of times in other situations. This real-time tracking gap is substantial. Finding specific objects can be unreliable. I've tried using the AI to locate elevators or doorways in buildings. Sometimes it works; frequently it doesn't. You cannot depend on it as a navigation tool. Also, the AI performs less effectively at factual lookups and information retrieval compared to Google or Alexa. It's not designed as a general knowledge assistant; it's built for visual tasks. For Christmas, I often do all my wrapping at once and this year, in addition to using phone apps like Be my eyes, Seeing AI and Lookout, I also had the Meta Vanguards with me. The goal was to read text or look up images to identify the content of packages to know what’s inside before wrapping.  I will say the glasses were often useful but using quick OCR on the phone was faster and more reliable for this task. My Conclusion After eighteen months, the distinction between marketing promises and actual capability is clear. These glasses won't replace your phone's camera and apps in all situations. They're useful for specific functions: getting environmental context without pulling out your phone, understanding room layouts, and quick scene descriptions. Once you identify what these glasses do well for your needs, they become a practical addition to your toolkit rather than a revolutionary device. Your choice depends on what matters most to you and how you'll use the glasses. If you want glasses that look like traditional eyewear, Ray-Ban frames have a conventional appearance. You don't need extensive weather resistance. You'll be working with one programmable button and managing the side light reflection issue. Vanguard is the better fit if light is a concern or you're outside frequently and need durability against weather conditions. Additionally, two programmable buttons give you meaningful functionality without accessing your phone constantly. The centered camera position works better for how you interact with the glasses. The trade-off is they look less like conventional glasses and they do cost more than the Ray-Bans. A year and a half of use has taught me these are practical tools with clear strengths and limitations. The Ray-Bans work if you want a less visible device. The Vanguard offers better construction and more control options. No matter which set you are considering, go in with accurate expectations about what they can and cannot do. That's when they become genuinely useful.

The following is an audio replay plus resources from a Canadian Council of the Blind BC-Yukon presentation given by  Dianne Stoesz from Service Canada who spoke about Programs and Benefits for people with disabilities. This is a direct download link for the audio: 25 12 04 Division Call In with Dianne Stoesz from Service Canada   Service Canada Links and Resources: Canada Pension Disability Benefit  Canada Pension Plan disability benefits - Canada.ca Disability Tax Credit:  Disability tax credit (DTC) - Canada.ca Disability Tax Credit Form:    T2201 Disability Tax Credit Certificate - Canada.ca Disability Tax Credit for Child:   Child disability benefit - Canada.ca Benefits and Credits from CRA:   Persons with disabilities, their caregivers, and the CRA - Canada.ca Canada Caregiver Credit:   Canada caregiver credit - Canada.ca Disability Supports Deduction:   Line 21500 – Disability supports deduction - Canada.ca Home Acessibility Tax Credit:  Home Accessibility Tax Credit (HATC) - Canada.ca Renovation Tax Credit:  Line 45355 – Multigenerational home renovation tax credit (MHRTC) - Canada.ca RDSP Registered Disability Savings Plan:   What is a registered disability savings plan (RDSP) - Canada.ca The new Canada Disability Benefit:  Canada Disability Benefit - Canada.ca Employment Insurance Caregiving Benefits and Compassionate Care Benefits:  EI caregiving benefits - Canada.ca Education Funding for People with Disabilities:  Education funding for people with disabilities - Canada.ca Canada Student Grant for Students with Permanent Disabilities - Canada.ca Canada Student Grant for services and equipment for students with permanent disabilities - Canada.ca Severe and Permanent Disability Benefit – What this benefit offers - Canada.ca Disability Programs and Benefits for Veterans:  Financial programs and services | Veterans Affairs Canada Compensation for illness or injury | Veterans Affairs Canada Income support | Veterans Affairs Canada Medical costs | Veterans Affairs Canada Emergency funds | Veterans Affairs Canada Help at home | Veterans Affairs Canada Death and bereavement | Veterans Affairs Canada Prisoner of War benefits | Veterans Affairs Canada Province of BC: Persons with Disability Designation and other provincial services:  Services for people with disabilities - Province of British Columbia 211 is a helpline that connects people to social services and community programs in each province in Canada and also the Yukon. Disability assistance - Province of British Columbia Health services and supports for people with disabilities - Province of British Columbia Financial services and supports for people with disabilities - Province of British Columbia Education services and supports for people with disabilities - Province of British Columbia Benefits Finder   Benefits Finder | Find benefits and financial help - Canada.ca

AUDIO VERSION By Linda Bartram   Louis Braille was born on January 4, 1809 in Coupvray, France, and lost his sight at the age of three after an accident in his father’s workshop. Although the injury itself was small, an infection spread to both eyes, leaving him completely blind. He was later awarded a scholarship to attend the Royal Institution for Blind Youth in Paris, where he proved to be an exceptional student. Despite his talents, the school relied on raised print books that were difficult to read and extremely limited in number, leaving Braille frustrated by the lack of efficient access to written language. As a teenager, Braille encountered a military system known as “night writing,” designed so soldiers could communicate silently in the dark. Inspired by this idea, he adapted and simplified the system into a compact, six-dot code that could be read easily by touch. By the age of fifteen, he had created what we now know as the Braille system, capable of representing letters, numbers, punctuation, and even music. Although his system was far superior to raised print, it was slow to gain acceptance, and Braille did not live to see its widespread adoption. Louis Braille died of tuberculosis in 1852 at the age of 43, but his legacy has transformed the lives of millions of blind people around the world. Today, Braille is used internationally and has been adapted to hundreds of languages. Braille continues to play a vital role in a technology-dominated world. It is an efficient way people who are blind or deaf-blind can read and write independently with full access to spelling, punctuation, and formatting. While screen readers and audio tools provide fast access to information, they do not replace the deep literacy skills that Braille supports. Reading Braille strengthens comprehension, editing skills, and language accuracy in ways that listening alone cannot. Technology has not replaced Braille; instead, it has expanded how Braille is used. Refreshable Braille displays allow users to read digital content line by line, connect to computers and smartphones, and navigate complex documents such as spreadsheets, legal texts, and computer code. These tools combine the speed and reach of modern technology with the precision of tactile reading. In this way, Braille has evolved alongside technology rather than being left behind by it. Braille is also critical for education and employment. Research consistently shows that people who are blind and proficient in Braille have higher rates of literacy, academic success, and employment. From labeling household items and medication to taking notes in meetings, Braille provides privacy, accuracy, and independence. In professional settings, it supports tasks that require careful review, such as proofreading, data analysis, and technical work. In a world increasingly shaped by digital tools, Braille remains a cornerstone of equality and access. Technology can amplify information, but Braille ensures true literacy and autonomy. The future is not a choice between Braille and technology; it is a partnership where each strengthens the other, ensuring that blind people can fully participate in education, work, and society.

By Devon Wilkins AUDIO VERSION Several years ago, I travelled to Phoenix, Arizona to attend two conferences: the first hosted by the International Association of Assistance Dog Partners, and the second by Assistance Dogs International. While there, I became quite ill with what I diagnosed as a nasty sinus infection, and then some. I was a board member of the IAADP at the time, and several other board members did whatever they could to convince me that I should seek medical attention. I knew, though, that doing so would cost me a pretty penny.   Finally, out of desperation, the wife of the president of IAADP struck a bargain with me. “If I can convince a vet to have a look at you, and if she thinks you should see a doctor, will you do it?”   I was feeling sicker by the day, so I decided that it would cost a whole lot less to see a doctor than to perhaps have to spend a few days in hospital in the U.S.   So, at about 8:30 that night, the vet took me into the bathroom where the light was better, and had an extensive look down my throat.   “Your throat is very red,” she said at length, “and it will be quite a few days before you get back to Canada.  I agree that you need to see a doctor.”   I was eventually reimbursed for my medical expenses, which were well over $100.  But thank goodness for traveller’s insurance!

By Diana Brent AUDIO VERSION I have been fortunate enough to have experienced both ocean and riverboat cruises, and I have never been disappointed. I have enjoyed sailing with Holland America, Celebrity, Norwegian, and Viking.   River boats are much smaller than ocean-going vessels and as a consequence, are less crowded. The atmosphere is sedate—you can’t really tell that you’re moving as you glide through the peaceful water. You are often so close to the land you can see and hear people going about their daily lives, hear footsteps strolling pathways, and hear the swish and rumble of traffic along the busy streets bordering the shoreline.   On the larger ocean cruises, I have never experienced seasickness. The ship is generally very stable, but on the open ocean, you will get some sense of the swell of the waves as they gently rock you to sleep. You won’t blame that extra glass of wine at dinner as you stagger a bit down the passageway, because everyone else will be doing it too. Eventually, you find your sea legs. It’s amazing how the waiters and wine stewards can maintain their elegant table service despite the rocking and rolling of mother ocean. Unfortunately, this pitching can also make it more challenging to follow your guide dog’s directions through the movement of the harness.   I love how self-contained cruises are. Once you find your stateroom, you get familiar with its layout. You unpack, sleep in the same bed, and everything stays where you put it for the duration of your stay. The one thing that even sighted passengers find challenging is figuring out the intricacies of the TV and remote control. They are definitely not accessible for us. Your cabin number is in both raised print and braille usually on the door on the wall just outside the door, and if you know where to look for them, braille signs are located outside most of the other places you might like to visit as well including the regular and accessible washrooms.   I like cruises that last at least ten days to two weeks—I find it takes the first couple of days to learn not only the layout, but the routines of the ship.   When you’re in port, you might leave the ship for a shore excursion or two, but there’s always ways to keep busy when you’re at sea or cruising along the shore of a river. A quick tip about shore excursions—they tend to be pricy, and the popular ones often fill up long before you board your ship. Having said that, they can provide you with some really fun experiences like visiting a coffee plantation or whale watching in Hawaii where we could actually hear the whales singing through hydrophones. In Germany, we learned to make sausages. You can also discover your own port amusements or just explore the areas near the harbour on foot.   One afternoon on my most recent cruise, my friend and I decided that remaining on board was preferable to joining our husbands on their hike to witness (from a distance) a not so dormant volcano spewing plumes of steam and ash into the sky. My husband conducted a brief mobility lesson ahead of time, locating elevators, washrooms, and a seating area near a bar where we spent a very relaxing afternoon sipping drinks and chatting with other shipmates who wandered into the Dutch Café.   Speaking of elevators, on this ship there were braille and raised print labels on the door frame indicating what floor had been reached and raised symbols on the inside panel included identifiable buttons and both braille and print numbers, arrows and words. They also talked and when you were waiting, they rang so you knew when they’d arrived. One thing that wasn’t considered, however, was that if you were waiting at the elevator bank close to the blues bar or nightclub during entertainment hours, the music was so loud you couldn’t hear the elevator sounds. Sets of stairs included useful clues as well. At half landings you could follow the railings around which led you to the second set of stairs, but the railings ended at the top and bottom on each floor.   With our most recent cruises, I’ve found the online company sites and onboard apps for exploring and booking activities and restaurants to be reasonably accessible using a screen reader on either my iPhone or computer. Don’t forget that you can always connect with customer and accessibility services by phone during your planning, and I have found them to be reasonably friendly and helpful. I like to talk to accessibility services early on in my booking process, so that they are aware of my needs and I am clear about what accommodations they have available. I don’t appreciate unpleasant surprises, and I’m sure they don’t either. I am not a guide dog owner, but I have been on cruises with friends who are. Depending on where you are cruising with your furry companion, there are different forms that must be filled out and regulations complied with to ensure a successful trip. Ships do ensure a relieving area for Fido, who as usual, is a favourite with all of your fellow passengers.   In years gone by, I found I could get braille bingo cards, menus, and the daily activity calendars in braille, whereas more recently, I have needed to use the onboard ship’s app, which I found to be quite accessible using my iPhone. Although braille can be more convenient, the downside was frequently out-of-date and incorrect meal options.   I have never been on a cruise where the food wasn’t amazing. There’s usually a main dining-room you can go to regularly, where you may be sitting with the same people all the time, or you may be chatting with different people for every meal, depending on the routine of the ship. Often located near the pool in the open air, and on several other decks as well, there are fast food and light meal and snack options and maybe an ice-cream or milkshake station to satisfy those sweet-tooth cravings. Of course there is the ever-present buffet, and other specialty restaurants you can book to celebrate a birthday or anniversary. On some cruises, you can even enjoy a fancy afternoon tea complete with dainty little sandwiches and mouth-watering scones and pastries. As with the shore excursions, it is advisable to book the specialty restaurants ahead of time, especially if you are travelling with a group and are hoping to celebrate a special meal together.   I have generally found the staff on cruises to be friendly and helpful. Your stateroom steward and the bar and dining-room staff make a point to get to know you. I found it very refreshing that on our most recent Holland America cruise, very early on, they were addressing us by name, without being prompted. They also let us know as they were serving us, where glasses were located. Having those unobtrusive cues, without constantly having to educate, makes the experience refreshingly relaxing and easy.   On sea days, there are numerous activities including lectures highlighting the history and culture of the places you’re about to visit; arts and crafts like origami, painting, flower/lai making, knitting, crocheting, needlework, and scrapbooking ;  ukulele, harmonica, or cooking demonstrations/lessons; wine, beer, and spirit tastings; games like trivia and bingo; and of course, more active pursuits like swimming, exercise and dance classes, fitness centre, and brisk morning walks around the promenade deck. There is usually a library and rooms for playing cards filled with board games and puzzles. If you like to shop, you will definitely not be disappointed finding everything from an art gallery, cheap and expensive jewelry, souvenirs, toys, clothes, cheap duty free alcohol and perfume, along with purses and larger bags that you will desperately grab on your last day to stow those extra must-have trinkets that you’ve accumulated along the way.   Many cruise ships also include a casino which I don’t think ever shuts its doors except when the ship is in port, and generally the shops and scheduled activities are closed then as well.   If you like to be pampered, visit the spa where you can luxuriate in manicures, pedicures, facials, massages, and sometimes a whirlpool, steam room and a sauna. As you head down to the captain’s fancy champagne dinner, decked out in your new finery, having thoroughly enjoyed your complete beauty makeover, flash a big smile for the photographer who is prominently stationed to cement this moment in memory.     Evening shows include live music both instrumental and vocal, from classical, to country, to modern rock, or maybe you’d prefer comedy or a dance troop. There is sometimes a piano bar, lots of other bustling bars and a club where, if you’re feeling energetic, you can dance the night away or just relax in a quiet lounge and chill enjoying the expansive ocean view.   These days, it is relatively easy to make your own online cruise reservation; however, if it is more comfortable for you, using a travel agent or booking by phone is always an option. Sometimes we have used multiple strategies to ensure just the right balance for our vacation. Reservation packages vary between cruise lines, and are generally based on double occupancy—no, your guide dog doesn’t count. The basics generally start with trip durations from three days and up which includes your stateroom and meals. Beyond that, extra costs include things like Internet access, beverage packages of alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks, upgraded staterooms to outside or balcony cabins, a certificate for a specified sum for onboard purchases and, as already mentioned, specialty restaurants, shore excursions, spa, and the shops, are added expenses. If you must take flights to and from your embarkation destination, those must also be figured in, though you can sometimes find packages where they are included. We tend to purchase the extra drink and Internet packages, which ensures that most of your cruise expenses have been paid before your vacation begins and you don’t feel nickeled and dimed every time you order a cup of coffee.   My advice: If it’s your first cruise, connect with other cruisers to get their experiences. Don’t be in a hurry, do your research and plan. There are many options out there and wonderful places to explore and enjoy. For me, my title says it all: What’s not to like about cruising? I can’t recommend them highly enough.

AUDIO VERSION Guide Dog Awareness Month is a chance to share not only the challenges faced by guide dog users, but also the stories that show how acceptance and respect can make a lasting impact. One of those stories comes from 1989, when AEBC member Chantal and her husband Rick Oakes welcomed their daughter, Whitney, into the world at Grace Hospital in Vancouver.   At the time, Rick had a guide dog named Bryor, and the couple asked if he could stay with them during the birth. To their relief, the hospital agreed. As Chantal recently shared, the decision made sense: without Bryor, Rick’s independence would have been compromised. He wouldn’t have been able to leave for meals or move around on his own. Allowing the dog into the room was not just compassionate—it was practical and fair.   Looking back today, Chantal reflects on the broader message of that moment. “When I think of all the taxi drivers over the years who left us in the rain, the restaurants where we would be denied entry until we vowed to bring legal charges, I chuckle to myself and I think, ‘Do you live under a rock? How are you not aware of the role of a guide dog and what it represents to a blind person?’ Blind people eat out and travel by cars, they just can’t drive themselves.”   But in this case, the hospital recognized Rick’s rights and supported his independence—an example she hopes others will follow.   The story turned out to be bigger than the family expected. What they thought would be a private birth became front-page news.   On March 13, 1989, the Vancouver Sun  reached out for an interview and published an article the next day that not only shared their experience but was later picked up by other outlets around the world. Radio stations even invited them for interviews. For the Oakes family, it was both exciting and overwhelming, but most of all, it helped raise awareness about the role of guide dogs and the rights of their handlers.   Today, both Chantal and Whitney are members of our organization, and this piece of history continues to resonate. Whitney was only five days old when the photo in the Sun  was taken, yet the story of her birth remains a reminder that inclusion matters—and that a guide dog is more than just a companion.   Below is a reprint of the original article from the Vancouver Sun , March 14, 1989.   Dog guides Dad through birth The Vancouver Sun, Tuesday, March 14, 1989 By Joanne Blain Sun Medical Reporter   The new father was fine, but the dog had to leave the delivery room twice to throw up.   Rick Oakes and his guide dog, Bryor, were there when Whitney Leanne Oakes was born last Wednesday at Grace Hospital.   Oakes and his wife Chantal, who are both blind, wouldn’t have had it any other way.   “I like that dog better than some people I know,” Chantal Oakes said Monday, cradling a sleeping Whitney in her arms in the couple’s Surrey home. “He’s just like part of the family.”   There were also practical reasons for having the three-year old golden retriever in the delivery room. It allowed Rick to leave the hospital for meals and the occasional cigarette during the 24 hours Chantal was in labour.   “Without Bryor, I was sort of locked in there,” he said. “I couldn't come and go as I pleased.”   Rick said he also wanted to make a point after having had his legal right to have Bryor with him challenged by everyone from taxi drivers to restaurant owners.   “I thought it would be a golden opportunity to let people know Guide Dogs can go anywhere,” he said.   Rick said he has been told by a representative of Canadian Guide Dogs for the Blind that Bryor’s presence in the delivery room is likely a first in Canada.   A congenital disorder left Rick Oakes completely blind. Chantal, who suffers from cataracts, has about three percent vision, but is classified as legally blind.    But baby Whitney, who arrived a few days early at eight pounds, six ounces has perfect sight, her father said.   Except for his bouts of intestinal distress, Bryor didn't create any problems during the birth.   “He didn't get upset,” said Chantal. “He probably was bored.”   But when all eyes were on the baby after the event, the dog picked up a towel and started dragging it around the room. “He was trying to attract attention to himself,” Rick said.   That's understandable, since everyone from doctors to orderlies had been dropping by to give him a scratch under the collar, Chantal said.   “When Bryor and Rick would go out of the room, people would come in and say: ‘Where's the dog?’”   Chantal’s obstetrician, Dr. Barry Sanders, had no qualms about the dog being in the delivery room.   “It was an unusual request,” he said. “But the dog is great. He would never bother anybody.”   After Sanders made the request on behalf of the Oakes, Grace Hospital administration also okayed the request.   Rick and Chantal are still adjusting to the new person in their household, but Bryor is taking it in stride. “He goes and lies in her room when she's sleeping,” Rick said.

AUDIO VERSION How Societal Attitudes Toward Blindness Vary Around the World Blindness is a universal human experience, but how it is understood, accepted, and integrated into daily life differs dramatically across cultures. From reverence to stigma, empowerment to exclusion, the global landscape of blindness reveals as much about cultural values as it does about access to technology and inclusion. The Power of Perception: Why Culture Matters Culture shapes how societies perceive disability, including blindness. These perceptions influence everything—from how blind individuals are treated in families and communities, to the opportunities available in education, employment, and public life. Let’s explore how different cultures view and support their blind citizens. Western Countries: Toward Inclusion and Independence In much of North America and Western Europe, there's a strong movement toward inclusion and self-determination. As in Canada, laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and UK’s Equality Act mandate accessibility in education, transportation, and employment. Assistive technology, guide dogs, and Braille literacy are widely promoted. In these countries, people who are blind are often encouraged to live independently and participate fully in society. Activists like Haben Girma  in the U.S. and organizations such as the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB)  in the UK are central to this cultural shift toward empowerment. However, challenges persist. Stereotypes, subtle biases, and gaps in accessibility still hinder full inclusion—but the overall trajectory is one of progress. Sub-Saharan Africa: Stigma and Spiritual Interpretations In parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, blindness is often misunderstood or feared. In some communities, it's associated with spiritual punishment or ancestral curses. This can lead to severe social stigma, exclusion from education, and even abandonment. Yet there are rays of hope. Organizations like Sightsavers  and local disability advocates are working to change attitudes through education, outreach, and policy reform. Efforts are being made to build inclusive schools and distribute mobility aids and glasses to rural communities. Despite resource limitations, cultural change is taking root, especially in urban centers. South and Southeast Asia: Mixed Realities In countries like India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, blindness can carry a complex mix of pity, reverence, and exclusion. In some religious contexts, blind individuals are seen as spiritually pure or karmically burdened. As a result, they may be treated with kindness but not necessarily given equal opportunities. India, for instance, has a significant number of blind citizens—estimated in the millions—yet accessible infrastructure and inclusive education remain inconsistent. On the positive side, advocacy by NGOs such as National Association for the Blind (NAB) is gaining ground. In Thailand and Vietnam, Buddhist philosophies have helped cultivate a more compassionate perspective on disability. Nonetheless, societal and systemic barriers remain a challenge. Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Religious Reverence Meets Social Exclusion In Islamic traditions, blindness is often met with compassion and a call for social responsibility. The Qur’an includes teachings that encourage kindness toward those with disabilities. As a result, many blind people are treated with respect, especially within religious settings. However, the gap between religious ideals and social realities can be wide. In several MENA countries, blind individuals face limited access to employment and education. Traditional gender roles may further compound challenges for blind women. Encouragingly, newer policies and disability rights movements are starting to push for greater accessibility and legal protections. Indigenous Cultures: Community Support and Collective Roles Among some Indigenous communities in North and South America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, disability is traditionally understood through the lens of community interdependence. Rather than focusing on individual limitations, the community adjusts to support everyone’s role. However, colonization, poverty, and lack of modern healthcare have left many persons who are blind in underserved conditions. Today, combining traditional practices with modern accessibility tools is a growing focus among Indigenous-led organizations. Conclusion: A Global Tapestry of Experience Blindness is experienced universally, but how it is lived varies greatly depending on cultural beliefs, social norms, and available resources. Where one culture may empower, another may isolate; but across the globe, the push toward dignity, autonomy, and equality is gaining momentum. As technology spreads, awareness grows, and cross-cultural conversations deepen, there’s hope that attitudes toward blindness will continue to evolve—toward respect, inclusion, and opportunity for all.

AUDIO VERSION You don’t need a major renovation or expensive technology to make your business more accessible. Most improvements are simple adjustments to how you communicate, organize your space, or train your staff. When people with vision loss feel welcome, they become loyal customers — and they tell others. Here are 10 straightforward ways to make your space more blind-friendly. 1. Greet People Verbally — Don’t Just Nod or Gesture If someone walks in and you’re not sure whether they can see you, offer a friendly “Hello, welcome in — let me know if you’d like assistance.”  A spoken greeting goes farther than a smile or wave. 2. Offer Assistance — But Ask First Never grab someone’s arm or assume they need help. Instead say, “Would you like a hand finding something or are you okay on your own?”  It gives choice rather than taking over. 3. Keep Aisles and Walkways Clear Boxes, displays, or chairs pushed into pathways are hazards. Maintain consistent layouts and avoid moving things around without reason. Consistency is just as important as cleanliness. 4. Use High-Contrast Signage and Large Print Labels and signs should be bold, uncluttered, and easy to see from a distance. Matte backgrounds and dark text work better than decorative fonts or shiny surfaces. 5. Read Menus, Prices, or Labels When Asked — Patiently If someone asks for help reading information, don’t rush. Offer to describe options: “We have blueberry, banana, or bran muffins — would you like me to read the full list?” 6. Provide Digital or Accessible Alternatives If your menu or service list is online, make sure it’s screen-reader friendly. Even a simple text-based PDF or webpage is better than an image-only file. 7. Announce Visual Actions Out Loud If you’re pointing, leading, or handing over something, use directional words: “I’m placing the machine in your right hand,”  or “The counter is just ahead to your left.” 8. Offer a Clear Tap or Touch Payment Option Touchscreens with unlabeled buttons can be frustrating. If possible, provide a physical keypad or describe touch options clearly. 9. Never Pet or Distract a Guide Dog Guide dogs are working. Speak to the person — not the dog — unless they tell you otherwise. Even a well-meaning “Who’s a good boy?” can interrupt concentration. 10. Train Staff — Even in Short Bursts Accessibility doesn’t stick unless everyone understands why it matters. A 15-minute staff briefing on how to interact respectfully can transform your customer experience. Being Accessible Is Just Good Business People with vision loss shop, travel, dine out, and invest in services — just like anyone else. When a business treats accessibility as part of customer service rather than as a special request, it stands out for the right reasons. RESOURCE TIP FOR BUSINESSES: Check out Be My Eyes latest offering, Service AI. Whether you are a small business, medium-sized enterprise, or large multi-national, Service AI can boost your customer loyalty and reduce costs, all while providing a modern AI-driven customer service function for your blind and low vision customers. https://www.bemyeyes.com/business/bme-service-ai/

AUDIO VERSION The journey toward equal rights for blind and low-vision people hasn’t been quick or effortless. Most of the access, technology, and public attitudes we see today were won through advocacy, not generosity. From education to employment to equal access in daily life, here are some of the major turning points that helped shape blindness rights in Canada and across the globe. 1820s — The Birth of Braille Communication is the foundation of independence, and Louis Braille’s invention of the tactile reading system in 1824 changed everything. At just 15 years old, Braille refined an early military code into a full alphabet. It wasn’t widely accepted at first. In fact, teachers resisted it, but blind students insisted on using it. Today, Braille remains one of the most important tools for literacy and autonomy. Early 1900s — First Schools for the Blind in Canada Canada established some of its first residential schools for blind students in the late 1800s and early 1900s, including institutions in Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia. These schools provided access to education at a time when few public schools would accept blind children. While many early institutions were paternalistic by today’s standards, they laid the groundwork for the right to equal education. 1918 — CNIB Is Founded After World War I, many returning soldiers had lost their vision. In response, the Canadian National Institute for the Blind  was established to support both veterans and civilians. It helped create national programs for rehabilitation, mobility training, and employment—services that were previously unheard of. 1940s–50s — White Cane Laws Emerge The white cane, developed earlier in Europe, became standardized as a symbol of blindness. By the mid-20th century, several countries, including Canada and the U.S., passed laws recognizing white cane users’ right to safe passage in public spaces. This was one of the earliest forms of legal protection for mobility rights. 1970s — Rise of Disability Rights Movements Inspired by civil rights struggles, blind activists began demanding systemic change rather than charity. Organizations led by  blind people, not just for  blind people, became more common. Advocacy shifted toward employment, equal access, independent living, and representation. 1982 — The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 15 of the Charter cemented disability as a protected ground under Canadian law. It recognized that people with disabilities have the same legal rights as anyone else — a major step in shifting accessibility from “optional” to mandatory . 1990 — The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Globally, the ADA in the U.S. became a major benchmark. It introduced strict accessibility rules for public spaces, transportation, and employment. Although it’s an American law, it influenced policy-making in Canada and beyond, setting international expectations. 1992 - AEBC is Born While not a major milestone globally, we would be remiss in not mentioning where AEBC fits into this chronology. In 1992, Paul and Mary Ellen Gabias found the National Federation of the Blind: Advocates for Equality, modeled after the National Federation of the Blind in the USA. In 2004, our name is changed to Alliance for Equality of Blind Canadians. 2007 — UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) Canada signed the UN’s CRPD in 2007 and ratified it in 2010. For the first time, disability rights are recognized as human rights on a global scale, and not just health or social issues. 2019 — Canada’s Accessible Canada Act This federal law aims to create a barrier-free Canada by 2040. It applies to government services, transportation, banking, telecom, and more. While progress is still uneven, the Act marks a shift from reactive accommodations to proactive accessibility. Today — Accessibility Moves Into Technology From screen readers and AI image descriptions to tactile signage and audio navigation apps, accessibility is evolving faster than ever. But technology alone isn’t enough — laws and attitudes must continue to evolve with it. Progress Made — Progress Still Needed The history of blindness rights is still being written. Each milestone happened because people spoke up, organized, and refused to accept being excluded. The next breakthroughs won’t come from policy alone, they’ll come from people continuing to demand equal access in workplaces, classrooms, hospitals, shops, and online spaces. Accessibility didn’t begin as a favour. It began as a fight, and it remains a shared responsibility.

AUDIO VERSION How persons who are blind are shown in movies, TV, and news stories shapes how others treat them in real life. That’s why representation matters. For decades, blindness has been used as a plot device: the tragic victim, the mysterious hero with “extra senses,” or the helpless dependent waiting to be rescued. Thankfully, things are shifting. But for every step forward, a few tired stereotypes still linger. Here’s a look at what’s improving and what still needs work. What’s Getting Better 1. More Blind Characters with Full Personalities It’s becoming less rare to see blind characters who actually have lives beyond their disability. Instead of being side props or emotional lessons for sighted characters, they’re starting to be shown as workers, parents, villains, or love interests. 2. Authentic Storytelling from Blind Creators Shows like See  (Apple TV) featured blind consultants and trainers. Documentaries like Crip Camp  and Going Blind  were shaped by disabled filmmakers. When people who are blind help build the story, the result feels less like inspiration-porn and more like reality. 3. Attention to Real Technology, Not Movie Magic Gone are the days when characters felt faces to recognize people. Screen readers, white canes, Braille displays, and apps like Be My Eyes are slowly starting to show up on screen, and not as futuristic gimmicks, but as everyday tools. What Still Misses the Mark 1. Too Many Sighted Actors Playing Blind Roles Most blind characters are still played by sighted actors. It’s often justified as “acting,” but it shuts out blind performers from even playing themselves. Meanwhile, many roles focus more on looking blind than being blind; lots of unfocused eye movements and staring into space, but no authentic experience. 2. Overused Tropes: The Tragic Burden or Magical Mystic Blind characters are still either pitied or mystified. They’re shown as helpless dependents or as having supernatural abilities. “I can hear your heartbeat from across town.” Reality is far more interesting than either extreme. 3. Stories That Focus Only  on Cure or Suffering So many people who are blind adapt successfully. They work, date, parent, engage in sports, run businesses, and do so much more. They want stories that reflect variety, not just sorrow or miracle-recovery endings. Where Representation Should Go Next Hire blind actors — even for roles that aren’t about blindness. Let blind writers and consultants shape scripts. Show blind joy, humour, anger, boredom — the full spectrum. Stop making blindness the entire plot point. Let it just be one part of a character, not the whole identity. Representation doesn’t have to be perfect, it just has to be honest. When blindness is shown with accuracy and respect, audiences learn something far more powerful than pity: they see possibility, normalcy, and shared humanity. Best and Worst Portrayals of Blindness in Film & TV Top Best Portrayals of Blindness 1. Scent of a Woman  — Al Pacino as Lt. Frank Slade Yes, the performance is loud and over-the-top, but it’s layered, not pitiful. Slade isn’t portrayed as fragile or angelic. He’s cranky, flawed, charismatic, and fully human. His blindness informs his life, but it doesn’t define him. That balance is rare. 2. Daredevil  (TV Series - Netflix Version) Forget the goofy Ben Affleck movie — the series gets it right. Matt Murdock is capable but not superhuman. He uses adaptive tech, mobility skills, and yes, heightened hearing; but he still struggles. He's not a “blindness = superpowers” trope; he's a person with strengths and limitations. 3. In the Dark  — Perry Mattfeld as Murphy Mason Murphy isn’t polished or inspirational. She’s messy, sarcastic, irresponsible at times, and deeply real. Some viewers criticized casting a sighted actor, but the writing and attitude deserve credit: she’s not saintly, she’s not tragic. She’s allowed to be complicated. 4. A Patch of Blue  (1965) — Elizabeth Hartman Shockingly ahead of its time. The character’s blindness isn’t romanticized or dramatized. It’s one layer in a story about class, protection, and independence. Feels more authentic than many modern films. 5. See  (Apple TV) — Ensemble portrayal with blind consultants The show is wildly fictional (a world where everyone is blind), but it earns its place here for including blind trainers, consultants, and actors, and for highlighting non-visual movement and combat in thoughtfully choreographed ways. It’s stylized, but respectful. Top Worst Portrayals of Blindness 1. Blind  (2017) — Alec Baldwin as a Blind Novelist An able-bodied actor squinting vaguely into space while delivering Hallmark dialogue? Hard pass. The movie treats blindness as romantic seasoning rather than a reality. It’s emotional tourism not representation. 2. Book of Eli  — [SPOILER ALERT] The film reveals after two hours that Eli was blind the whole time — but demonstrated perfect aim, combat skills, and navigation without any realistic method. It leans hard into the “mystical blind warrior” trope without showing any actual blindness experience until the gotcha moment. 3. At First Sight  (1999) — Val Kilmer This one should’ve stayed in the drawer. The entire narrative suggests that blind people are incomplete until sighted partners or surgery “save” them. Even when the character regains sight, the movie pivots into melodrama rather than nuance. 4. Bird Box  — Sandra Bullock's Horror Movie Blindness is treated as a metaphor for sensory purity and “seeing is dangerous” — yet the film refuses to deal with blindness as blindness. It uses blindfolds as an aesthetic, not a lived reality. People are wearing scarves; they aren’t navigating the world without sight.

AUDIO VERSION At the Alliance for Equality of Blind Canadians (AEBC), we believe technology should empower, not exclude. Over the past decade, innovation has transformed what independence and inclusion look like for people who are blind, Deafblind, or partially sighted. From navigating city streets to connecting with colleagues, technology is opening up new ways to live, learn, and participate fully in society. Smartphones as Everyday Tools What began as a convenience for most has become an essential tool for many who are blind. Today’s smartphones come with built-in accessibility features such as screen readers, voice assistants, and magnifiers that make communication and navigation possible at any time. Apps like Seeing AI  and Be My Eyes  turn a phone into a multi-purpose device that can read text aloud, identify objects, recognize faces, or describe photos. For many, the phone has replaced dozens of separate tools, from talking calculators to bulky magnifiers, consolidating independence into a single device. Artificial Intelligence at Work Artificial intelligence is playing an increasingly important role in accessibility. AI tools can now describe images, read handwriting, and even provide real-time feedback about a person’s surroundings. Navigation apps powered by AI can guide users through unfamiliar streets, public spaces, or transit systems with impressive accuracy. Meta’s Ray-Ban smart glasses are built with Meta AI features that include hands-free voice control, real-time descriptions of one’s surroundings, and a “Call a Volunteer” feature (via Be My Eyes) so users can get help from sighted helpers when needed. They also recently added the option for detailed responses, which allow the glasses to provide more vivid and descriptive information about the environment — what surfaces look like, what objects are nearby, etc. These advances aren’t just about convenience; they’re about access. When technology can describe what’s on a screen or in front of a camera, it removes a barrier that once required sighted assistance. Accessible Design is Becoming the Standard Another major shift is cultural: accessibility is now recognized as a core part of design, not an afterthought. Tech companies, developers, and organizations are learning that inclusive design benefits everyone. Features like voice control, text-to-speech, and high-contrast interfaces help not only people with vision loss but also users who are multitasking, driving, or aging. This progress is fueled by advocacy. AEBC and other organizations across Canada continue to push for stronger digital accessibility standards — in government services, workplaces, and the private sector — to ensure technology truly serves everyone. The Power of Community and Collaboration Behind many of these advances is a vibrant community of blind and low-vision innovators who test, adapt, and shape the technology they use. Accessibility improvements often come directly from users who understand what real inclusion looks like. Online forums, advocacy groups, and user networks have become powerful spaces for sharing knowledge and influencing design. The message is clear: when people who are blind have a voice in the creation of technology, the results are smarter, fairer, and more human. Looking Ahead The future of accessibility is moving fast — from AI-driven assistants that understand context and emotion, to wearable devices that translate visual data into touch or sound. These innovations aren’t just helping people who are blind “keep up”; they’re helping shape a more inclusive digital future for all Canadians. At AEBC, we’ll continue to advocate for accessible technology that empowers people to live, work, and connect on equal terms. Because real progress happens when everyone can participate fully — and technology is one of the most powerful tools we have to make that possible.